🌍 Soil Origin, Formation & Composition
-
Soil is formed from:
A. Water
B. Parent rock
C. Air
D. Plants
Answer: B -
Soil formation is also called:
A. Pedogenesis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Weathering
Answer: A -
Weathering of rocks is:
A. Biological only
B. Physical, chemical & biological
C. Chemical only
D. Physical only
Answer: B -
Parent material of soil is known as:
A. Horizon
B. Regolith
C. Profile
D. Biomass
Answer: B -
Soil forming factors include:
A. Climate
B. Organisms
C. Relief
D. All
Answer: D -
Residual soil is formed by:
A. Transport
B. In-situ weathering
C. Deposition
D. Erosion
Answer: B -
Transported soil is moved by:
A. Water
B. Wind
C. Glacier
D. All
Answer: D -
Major component of soil is:
A. Organic matter
B. Minerals
C. Water
D. Air
Answer: B -
Soil organic matter mainly consists of:
A. Sand
B. Humus
C. Clay
D. Silt
Answer: B -
Ideal soil composition is:
A. 100% minerals
B. Minerals + air + water + organic matter
C. Only organic matter
D. Only water
Answer: B
🌱 Soil Profile & Types
-
Topsoil is called:
A. A-horizon
B. B-horizon
C. C-horizon
D. O-horizon
Answer: A -
Subsoil is:
A. A-horizon
B. B-horizon
C. C-horizon
D. D-horizon
Answer: B -
Bedrock layer is:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. R
Answer: D -
Horizon rich in humus is:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. R
Answer: A -
Black soil is also called:
A. Laterite
B. Regur
C. Alluvial
D. Desert
Answer: B -
Alluvial soil is deposited by:
A. Wind
B. Rivers
C. Glaciers
D. Volcano
Answer: B -
Laterite soil forms in:
A. Dry areas
B. High rainfall
C. Cold regions
D. Mountains
Answer: B -
Red soil color is due to:
A. Calcium
B. Iron oxide
C. Magnesium
D. Nitrogen
Answer: B
🦠 Soil Microorganisms & Processes
-
Nitrogen fixation is carried out by:
A. Fungi
B. Bacteria
C. Algae
D. Protozoa
Answer: B -
Rhizobium lives in:
A. Leaves
B. Root nodules
C. Stem
D. Soil only
Answer: B -
Decomposition is done by:
A. Producers
B. Decomposers
C. Consumers
D. Herbivores
Answer: B -
Nitrification converts:
A. N₂ → NH₃
B. NH₃ → NO₃⁻
C. NO₃⁻ → N₂
D. NH₃ → N₂
Answer: B -
Denitrification converts:
A. NH₃ → NO₃⁻
B. NO₃⁻ → N₂
C. N₂ → NH₃
D. NO₂ → NH₃
Answer: B -
Humification leads to formation of:
A. Sand
B. Humus
C. Clay
D. Silt
Answer: B -
Mineralization releases:
A. Organic nutrients
B. Inorganic nutrients
C. Water
D. Air
Answer: B
🌪️ Soil Erosion
-
Removal of topsoil is called:
A. Weathering
B. Soil erosion
C. Leaching
D. Deposition
Answer: B -
Wind erosion is common in:
A. Wet areas
B. Arid regions
C. Forest
D. Mountains
Answer: B -
Sheet erosion occurs on:
A. Flat surface
B. Gentle slope
C. Steep slope
D. Mountains
Answer: B -
Gully erosion forms:
A. Small cracks
B. Deep channels
C. Flat soil
D. Sand dunes
Answer: B -
Soil erosion leads to:
A. Fertility increase
B. Land degradation
C. Soil formation
D. Humus formation
Answer: B
🔄 Biogeochemical Cycles
-
Carbon cycle involves:
A. Oxygen only
B. Carbon movement
C. Water
D. Nitrogen
Answer: B -
Photosynthesis fixes:
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Hydrogen
Answer: B -
Major reservoir of carbon is:
A. Soil
B. Atmosphere
C. Oceans
D. Forest
Answer: C -
Water cycle is driven by:
A. Wind
B. Sun
C. Soil
D. Plants
Answer: B -
Transpiration occurs in:
A. Soil
B. Plants
C. Water
D. Rocks
Answer: B
🌿 Soil Conservation Methods
-
Contour farming reduces:
A. Wind erosion
B. Water erosion
C. Pollution
D. Salinity
Answer: B -
Mulching helps in:
A. Moisture conservation
B. Erosion increase
C. Salinity
D. Pollution
Answer: A -
Strip cropping controls:
A. Wind erosion
B. Water erosion
C. Salinity
D. Pollution
Answer: A -
Terracing is used in:
A. Plains
B. Slopes
C. Deserts
D. Wetlands
Answer: B -
Afforestation helps in:
A. Soil erosion
B. Soil conservation
C. Pollution
D. Mining
Answer: B
🔧 Soil Reclamation
-
Gypsum is used for:
A. Acidic soil
B. Alkaline soil
C. Sandy soil
D. Clay soil
Answer: B -
Lime is used to treat:
A. Alkaline soil
B. Acidic soil
C. Saline soil
D. Desert soil
Answer: B -
Leaching helps in removal of:
A. Salts
B. Water
C. Soil
D. Nutrients
Answer: A -
Drainage improves:
A. Waterlogging
B. Soil aeration
C. Salinity
D. Erosion
Answer: B
🔥 High-Level Competitive Questions
-
Pedology deals with:
A. Soil formation
B. Soil physics
C. Soil chemistry
D. Soil biology
Answer: A -
Edaphic factors relate to:
A. Climate
B. Soil
C. Water
D. Air
Answer: B -
Soil texture depends on:
A. Color
B. Particle size
C. Water
D. Humus
Answer: B -
Clay soil has:
A. High permeability
B. Low permeability
C. No water
D. No nutrients
Answer: B -
Sandy soil has:
A. High water retention
B. Low water retention
C. High nutrients
D. No air
Answer: B -
Loamy soil is best for:
A. Construction
B. Agriculture
C. Mining
D. Industry
Answer: B -
Soil pH affects:
A. Texture
B. Nutrient availability
C. Color
D. Air
Answer: B -
Buffer capacity of soil depends on:
A. Sand
B. Clay & organic matter
C. Water
D. Air
Answer: B -
Soil salinity reduces:
A. Growth
B. Fertility
C. Yield
D. All
Answer: D -
Conservation tillage reduces:
A. Yield
B. Soil erosion
C. Fertility
D. Water
Answer: B -
Overgrazing leads to:
A. Soil formation
B. Land degradation
C. Fertility
D. Growth
Answer: B
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