Wednesday, April 8, 2026

Natural resources & Sustainable utilization

 

🌱 Land Utilization, Soil Degradation & Restoration

  1. Land capability classification system was developed by?
    A. FAO
    B. USDA
    C. UNEP
    D. ICAR
    Answer: B
  2. Laterization is common in which climate?
    A. Arid
    B. Semi-arid
    C. Tropical high rainfall
    D. Temperate
    Answer: C
  3. Desertification is mainly due to?
    A. Afforestation
    B. Overgrazing
    C. Irrigation
    D. Flooding
    Answer: B
  4. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) estimates?
    A. Soil fertility
    B. Soil erosion
    C. Crop yield
    D. Rainfall
    Answer: B
  5. Which process removes nutrients from soil?
    A. Humification
    B. Leaching
    C. Aggregation
    D. Mineralization
    Answer: B
  6. Sheet erosion is most common in?
    A. Steep slopes
    B. Gentle slopes
    C. Forest areas
    D. Wetlands
    Answer: B
  7. Salinity problem is mainly associated with?
    A. Rainfed farming
    B. Irrigated agriculture
    C. Forest soil
    D. Desert soil
    Answer: B
  8. Contour bunding controls?
    A. Wind erosion
    B. Water erosion
    C. Salinity
    D. Pollution
    Answer: B
  9. Gully erosion is severe in?
    A. Flat land
    B. Loose soil slopes
    C. Wetlands
    D. Forests
    Answer: B
  10. Land degradation neutrality concept is promoted by?
    A. FAO
    B. UNCCD
    C. WHO
    D. UNESCO
    Answer: B
  11. Soil acidification is mainly due to?
    A. Organic manure
    B. Excess fertilizers
    C. Irrigation
    D. Rainfall
    Answer: B
  12. Wind erosion is maximum in soils with?
    A. High moisture
    B. Coarse texture
    C. Clay content
    D. Vegetation
    Answer: B
  13. Strip cropping controls?
    A. Wind erosion
    B. Water erosion
    C. Salinity
    D. Pollution
    Answer: A
  14. Waterlogging causes deficiency of?
    A. Nitrogen
    B. Oxygen
    C. Carbon
    D. Sulphur
    Answer: B
  15. Soil structure deterioration leads to?
    A. High fertility
    B. Reduced infiltration
    C. Better aeration
    D. Higher yield
    Answer: B
  16. Biochar improves?
    A. Soil fertility
    B. Erosion
    C. Salinity
    D. Pollution
    Answer: A
  17. Phytoremediation uses?
    A. Microbes
    B. Plants
    C. Chemicals
    D. Animals
    Answer: B
  18. Bioremediation involves?
    A. Plants
    B. Microorganisms
    C. Machines
    D. Radiation
    Answer: B
  19. Gypsum is used to reclaim?
    A. Acidic soil
    B. Saline soil
    C. Alkaline soil
    D. Sandy soil
    Answer: C
  20. Lime is used for?
    A. Acidic soil
    B. Saline soil
    C. Alkaline soil
    D. Clay soil
    Answer: A
  21. Agroforestry promotes?
    A. Soil erosion
    B. Sustainable land use
    C. Pollution
    D. Desertification
    Answer: B

💧 Water Resources & Wetlands

  1. Largest freshwater reserve is?
    A. Rivers
    B. Lakes
    C. Groundwater
    D. Glaciers
    Answer: D
  2. BOD indicates?
    A. Oxygen production
    B. Organic pollution
    C. Temperature
    D. Salinity
    Answer: B
  3. COD measures?
    A. Biological oxygen
    B. Chemical oxygen demand
    C. Dissolved oxygen
    D. Solids
    Answer: B
  4. Eutrophication leads to?
    A. Clear water
    B. Algal bloom
    C. Low nutrients
    D. Cooling
    Answer: B
  5. Hardness of water is due to?
    A. Sodium
    B. Calcium & Magnesium
    C. Potassium
    D. Iron
    Answer: B
  6. Water harvesting helps in?
    A. Flooding
    B. Groundwater recharge
    C. Pollution
    D. Salinity
    Answer: B
  7. High BOD indicates?
    A. Clean water
    B. Polluted water
    C. Neutral water
    D. Hard water
    Answer: B
  8. Thermal pollution affects?
    A. Soil
    B. Aquatic life
    C. Air
    D. Forest
    Answer: B
  9. Wetlands are rich in?
    A. Minerals
    B. Organic matter
    C. Sand
    D. Rocks
    Answer: B
  10. Mangroves occur in?
    A. Desert
    B. Freshwater
    C. Coastal wetlands
    D. Mountains
    Answer: C
  11. Wetlands are called kidneys because they?
    A. Store water
    B. Filter pollutants
    C. Provide habitat
    D. Recharge water
    Answer: B
  12. Ramsar Convention year?
    A. 1965
    B. 1971
    C. 1982
    D. 1992
    Answer: B
  13. Montreux Record includes?
    A. Forests
    B. Threatened wetlands
    C. Parks
    D. Deserts
    Answer: B
  14. India joined Ramsar in?
    A. 1971
    B. 1982
    C. 1991
    D. 2000
    Answer: B
  15. Chilika Lake is?
    A. Freshwater
    B. Brackish lagoon
    C. River
    D. Glacier
    Answer: B

🌳 Forests & Biological Invasion

  1. Timber is?
    A. Minor product
    B. Major forest product
    C. Waste
    D. Fuel
    Answer: B
  2. Lac & resin are?
    A. Major
    B. Minor forest products
    C. Fossil
    D. Crops
    Answer: B
  3. NPP is highest in?
    A. Desert
    B. Tundra
    C. Tropical rainforest
    D. Grassland
    Answer: C
  4. Biological invasion means?
    A. Soil erosion
    B. Alien species entry
    C. Fire
    D. Grazing
    Answer: B
  5. Parthenium is?
    A. Crop
    B. Invasive weed
    C. Tree
    D. Medicinal
    Answer: B
  6. Social forestry aims at?
    A. Industry
    B. Community needs
    C. Export
    D. Mining
    Answer: B
  7. Joint Forest Management involves?
    A. Industry
    B. Local people
    C. Foreign agencies
    D. Government only
    Answer: B
  8. Deforestation leads to?
    A. Stability
    B. Soil erosion
    C. Rainfall increase
    D. Cooling
    Answer: B
  9. Keystone species help in?
    A. Growth
    B. Ecosystem balance
    C. Invasion
    D. Pollution
    Answer: B

⚡ Energy Resources

  1. Coal is?
    A. Renewable
    B. Non-renewable
    C. Inexhaustible
    D. Solar
    Answer: B
  2. Hydropower depends on?
    A. Sun
    B. Flowing water
    C. Wind
    D. Biomass
    Answer: B
  3. Nuclear energy is based on?
    A. Combustion
    B. Fission
    C. Respiration
    D. Photosynthesis
    Answer: B
  4. Biogas contains mainly?
    A. CO₂
    B. Methane
    C. O₂
    D. N₂
    Answer: B
  5. LPG contains?
    A. Methane
    B. Propane & Butane
    C. Ethane
    D. Hydrogen
    Answer: B
  6. Geothermal energy comes from?
    A. Sun
    B. Earth heat
    C. Wind
    D. Water
    Answer: B
  7. Hydrogen fuel produces?
    A. CO₂
    B. Water
    C. SO₂
    D. Smoke
    Answer: B
  8. Calorific value indicates?
    A. Mass
    B. Energy content
    C. Volume
    D. Density
    Answer: B

♻️ Resource Management

  1. Tragedy of Commons given by?
    A. Darwin
    B. Hardin
    C. Malthus
    D. Odum
    Answer: B
  2. Sustainable development means?
    A. Present only
    B. Future only
    C. Present + future balance
    D. Industry
    Answer: C
  3. Carbon footprint measures?
    A. Water
    B. GHG emission
    C. Soil
    D. Energy
    Answer: B
  4. Circular economy promotes?
    A. Waste
    B. Reuse & recycling
    C. Mining
    D. Cutting
    Answer: B
  5. Carrying capacity is?
    A. Growth
    B. Max sustainable load
    C. Industry
    D. Energy
    Answer: B
  6. Ecological footprint shows?
    A. Soil
    B. Resource demand
    C. Rainfall
    D. Energy
    Answer: B
  7. Life Cycle Assessment studies?
    A. Soil
    B. Product impact
    C. Water
    D. Forest
    Answer: B
  8. Drip irrigation helps in?
    A. Erosion
    B. Water saving
    C. Pollution
    D. Salinity
    Answer: B
  9. Rainwater harvesting reduces?
    A. Runoff loss
    B. Fertility
    C. Pollution
    D. Energy
    Answer: A
  10. Sustainable yield ensures?
    A. Overuse
    B. Continuous availability
    C. Depletion
    D. Waste
    Answer: B

🌱 Advanced Land, Soil & Restoration

  1. Soil compaction reduces:
    A. Runoff
    B. Infiltration
    C. Fertility
    D. Salinity
    Answer: B
  2. Desertification is most severe in:
    A. Humid regions
    B. Drylands
    C. Mountains
    D. Wetlands
    Answer: B
  3. Laterite soil is rich in:
    A. Nitrogen
    B. Iron & Aluminum
    C. Calcium
    D. Potassium
    Answer: B
  4. Alkali soil has high:
    A. pH
    B. Moisture
    C. Nitrogen
    D. Organic matter
    Answer: A
  5. Soil erosion tolerance limit is defined as:
    A. Maximum rainfall
    B. Acceptable soil loss
    C. Crop yield
    D. Water loss
    Answer: B
  6. Shelter belts are used to control:
    A. Water erosion
    B. Wind erosion
    C. Salinity
    D. Pollution
    Answer: B
  7. Check dams are used in:
    A. Soil testing
    B. Watershed management
    C. Mining
    D. Industry
    Answer: B
  8. Mulching helps in:
    A. Increasing erosion
    B. Conserving soil moisture
    C. Increasing salinity
    D. Soil compaction
    Answer: B

💧 Water Resources (Advanced)

  1. DO (Dissolved Oxygen) is highest in:
    A. Polluted water
    B. Clean water
    C. Warm water
    D. Stagnant water
    Answer: B
  2. Minimum DO required for aquatic life is about:
    A. 1 mg/L
    B. 3 mg/L
    C. 5 mg/L
    D. 10 mg/L
    Answer: C
  3. Hard water does not form lather due to:
    A. Na⁺
    B. Ca²⁺ & Mg²⁺
    C. K⁺
    D. Fe³⁺
    Answer: B
  4. Fluoride contamination causes:
    A. Cholera
    B. Fluorosis
    C. Malaria
    D. Typhoid
    Answer: B
  5. Arsenic contamination mainly affects:
    A. Skin
    B. Bones
    C. Blood
    D. Lungs
    Answer: A
  6. Reverse osmosis is used for:
    A. Soil cleaning
    B. Water purification
    C. Air cleaning
    D. Forest conservation
    Answer: B

🌾 Wetlands (Advanced)

  1. Peat formation occurs in:
    A. Forests
    B. Wetlands
    C. Deserts
    D. Mountains
    Answer: B
  2. Wetlands act as carbon:
    A. Sources
    B. Sinks
    C. Pollutants
    D. Filters only
    Answer: B
  3. Ramsar sites are selected based on:
    A. Economic value
    B. Ecological importance
    C. Industrial use
    D. Population
    Answer: B
  4. Loktak Lake is famous for:
    A. Coral reefs
    B. Floating vegetation (phumdis)
    C. Mangroves
    D. Sand dunes
    Answer: B

🌳 Forests & Biodiversity (Advanced)

  1. Primary productivity depends on:
    A. Soil only
    B. Climate & sunlight
    C. Water only
    D. Minerals only
    Answer: B
  2. Clear cutting leads to:
    A. Soil conservation
    B. Biodiversity loss
    C. Rainfall increase
    D. Cooling
    Answer: B
  3. Monoculture forestry causes:
    A. Biodiversity increase
    B. Vulnerability to pests
    C. Soil improvement
    D. Stability
    Answer: B
  4. Exotic species are:
    A. Native
    B. Introduced species
    C. Endemic
    D. Extinct
    Answer: B
  5. Lantana camara is:
    A. Crop
    B. Invasive species
    C. Tree
    D. Grass
    Answer: B

⚡ Energy (Advanced)

  1. Solar constant is approx:
    A. 1.36 kW/m²
    B. 2 kW/m²
    C. 0.5 kW/m²
    D. 5 kW/m²
    Answer: A
  2. Wind energy depends on:
    A. Velocity³
    B. Velocity²
    C. Velocity
    D. Constant
    Answer: A
  3. Biomass energy is:
    A. Non-renewable
    B. Renewable
    C. Fossil
    D. Nuclear
    Answer: B
  4. Ethanol fuel is produced from:
    A. Coal
    B. Sugarcane
    C. Petroleum
    D. Uranium
    Answer: B
  5. Biodiesel is obtained from:
    A. Algae/vegetable oils
    B. Coal
    C. Gas
    D. Water
    Answer: A
  6. Nuclear fusion occurs in:
    A. Reactors
    B. Sun
    C. Earth
    D. Ocean
    Answer: B

♻️ Resource Management (Advanced)

  1. Agenda 21 is related to:
    A. Energy
    B. Sustainable development
    C. Forests
    D. Soil
    Answer: B
  2. REDD+ program deals with:
    A. Soil erosion
    B. Forest conservation
    C. Water pollution
    D. Mining
    Answer: B
  3. Green GDP includes:
    A. Only income
    B. Environmental cost
    C. Population
    D. Industry
    Answer: B
  4. Ecosystem services include:
    A. Only food
    B. Benefits from ecosystems
    C. Minerals
    D. Energy
    Answer: B
  5. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) means:
    A. Free use
    B. Paying for ecosystem benefits
    C. Tax
    D. Fine
    Answer: B
  6. Blue economy focuses on:
    A. Forest
    B. Oceans
    C. Soil
    D. Air
    Answer: B

🔥 Mixed High-Level (Very Important)

  1. Maximum water use in India is in:
    A. Industry
    B. Agriculture
    C. Domestic
    D. Transport
    Answer: B
  2. Groundwater depletion is highest due to:
    A. Rainfall
    B. Irrigation
    C. Industry
    D. Forest
    Answer: B
  3. Soil organic matter improves:
    A. Structure
    B. Pollution
    C. Salinity
    D. Erosion
    Answer: A
  4. Buffer capacity of soil depends on:
    A. Texture & organic matter
    B. Rainfall
    C. Temperature
    D. Wind
    Answer: A
  5. Carrying capacity exceedance leads to:
    A. Stability
    B. Degradation
    C. Growth
    D. Balance
    Answer: B
  6. Ecological succession leads to:
    A. Instability
    B. Stable climax community
    C. Desert
    D. Pollution
    Answer: B
  7. Bioaccumulation occurs in:
    A. Soil
    B. Organisms
    C. Air
    D. Water
    Answer: B
  8. Biomagnification increases along:
    A. Same level
    B. Trophic levels
    C. Soil layers
    D. Atmosphere
    Answer: B
  9. Sustainable agriculture includes:
    A. Chemicals
    B. Crop rotation
    C. Deforestation
    D. Mining
    Answer: B
  10. Conservation tillage reduces:
    A. Yield
    B. Soil erosion
    C. Fertility
    D. Water
    Answer: B
  11. Over-extraction of groundwater causes:
    A. Flood
    B. Land subsidence
    C. Forest growth
    D. Rainfall
    Answer: B
  12. Climate change mainly affects:
    A. Soil only
    B. Water cycle
    C. Rocks
    D. Minerals
    Answer: B
  13. Ozone depletion is caused by:
    A. CO₂
    B. CFCs
    C. O₂
    D. N₂
    Answer: B
  14. Sustainable forestry ensures:
    A. Deforestation
    B. Continuous supply
    C. Mining
    D. Pollution
    Answer: B
  15. Agro-ecosystem stability depends on:
    A. Monoculture
    B. Diversity
    C. Chemicals
    D. Irrigation
    Answer: B
  16. Urbanization leads to:
    A. Soil conservation
    B. Land degradation
    C. Forest growth
    D. Stability
    Answer: B
  17. Renewable energy reduces:
    A. Pollution
    B. Fertility
    C. Water
    D. Soil
    Answer: A
  18. Resource conservation means:
    A. Overuse
    B. Sustainable use
    C. Waste
    D. Mining
    Answer: B
  19. Ecological balance is maintained by:
    A. Humans
    B. Biodiversity
    C. Industry
    D. Mining
    Answer: B
  20. Food security depends on:
    A. Soil health
    B. Industry
    C. Mining
    D. Transport
    Answer: A
  21. Green revolution caused:
    A. Soil degradation
    B. Forest growth
    C. Water saving
    D. Biodiversity increase
    Answer: A
  22. Sustainable future depends on:
    A. Resource conservation
    B. Overuse
    C. Pollution
    D. Mining
    Answer: A
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